MEDLINE

Within-Page Navigation

to content
to navigation
to global servicelinks

Accesskeys

end of section: to within-page navigation

Global Servicelinks

end of section: to within-page navigation

Navigation

end of section: to within-page navigation

content

Detailed Information: MEDLINE (ME10, ME05, ME00, ME95, ME90, ME83, ME66, ME60)

MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) covers worldwide literature on every area of medicine, including dental medicine, veterinary medicine, psychology, and public health. The database corresponds to the printed "Index Medicus" and to some other printed material. Sources include approx. 4,800 international journals. Bibliographic information, indexing terms, and abstracts (54 %) are searchable.

Database Content: Subject Coverage | Type | Language | Sources | Superbases
Database Resources: File Size | File Data | Update Cycle
Query: User Aids | Special Notes | Vocabulary | Searchable Data Fields | Data Fields, alphabetical | Output of Search Results | Sample Search(es) | Sample Record(s)
Contact: Producer | Contact Person
Appendix: Appendix

Database Content

Subject Coverage	Medicine and Related Fields Biomedical research and clinical studies, bioethics, dental medicine, nursery, pharmacy, psychology, public health, space medicine, toxicology, veterinary medicine
Type	Literature database
Language	English
Sources	Biomedical journals: approx. 4,800, more than 90% are evaluated cover - to - cover
Superbases	There are predefined databases groups (superbase) for several subjects. The database MEDLINE is part of the following superbases: XBIOTECH, XHTA, XMEDALL, XMEDCORE, XMEDPROD, XPHARMALL, XPHARMCORE, XPSYCH, XTOXLITALL, XVET.

Database Resources

File Size	21,906,176 (Status 06/2012)
File Data	ME10: 2010 to date ME05: 2005 to date ME00: 2000 to date ME95: 1995 to date ME90: 1990 to date ME83: 1983 to date ME66: 1966 to date ME60: 1950 to date You will find the number of database records in the current update status.
Update Cycle	Daily

Query

User Aids

Special Notes

The hierarchical structure of MeSH makes it possible, to search for a whole group of related descriptors in one step: with F CT DOWN=..., MeSH-descriptors can be further limited by using one or several from more than 80 qualifier, e.g. epidemiology of a disease (F CT=.../ep). Descriptors indicating the main points of an article are weighted (.../*; to be searched as F CT=.../W=1).

With DISPLAY CT=...;ALL additional information from the printed MeSH - Annotated Alphabetic List can be requested. With DISPLAY CT TREE... the hierarchical Structure of the thesaurus is shown.

Does not apply to documents with status=oldmedline, status=alert or status=publisher.

The MEDLINE database contains documents with different status attributes. Documents with status PUBLISHER, IN DATA REVIEW, IN-PROCESS or status = PUBMED-NOT-MEDLINE are not indexed with MeSH and contain no controlled keywords (CT) as well as some incomplete source data. They are grouped under the Status = ALERT. Documents of the status attribute IN DATA REVIEW and IN-PROCESS are still in the process of editing by the database producer and are accepted into the database MEDLINE (Status = MEDLINE) as soon as they are "ready" in process.
Documents with the status = PUBLISHER often are references to articles that are published on the Internet before they are assigned to a particular issue of a magazine, and therefore have incomplete source data. After the successful assigning of these documents they are also included in the MEDLINE database with the status = MEDLINE or status = PUBMED-NOT-MEDLINE if they do not comply with the substantive focus of MEDLINE. Among the documents with the status = OLDMEDLINE hide journal articles that date from the years before 1966.

Status	Properties	Annotations
PUBLISHER	Electronically submitted documents (not only prospective documents but also updated ones). Yet no quality assurance.	- no CT, SU (Sub Unit) and DCO (Date Completed) - often with uncomplete source
IN-DATA-REVIEW	Electronically submitted documentswith incomplete quality assurance.	- no CT and mostly no SU, no DCO - complete source not verified in all cases
IN-PROCESS	Quality assurance completed, but not indexed completely.	- no CT and DCO - complete source
PUBMED-NOT-MEDLINE	Quality assurance completed, but documents are not in the topical sope for MEDLINE	- no CT - complete source - will never pass into the status MEDLINE
MEDLINE	Quality assurance and indexing completed	- with CT - complete source
OLDMEDLINE	Documents before 1966	- partially without or with incomplete CT - complete source

Standing orders (SDI) are possible.

Vocabulary

Medical Subject Headings-MeSH (CT) (thesaurus with polyhierarchical structure)
Language of vocabulary: English, German. Not for documents with status=alert and status=publisher.

The hierarchical structure of the thesaurus allows a one step search for indented descriptors using the command FIND CT D (explosion). MeSH descriptors can be limited using more than 80 qualifiers ( e.g. epidemiology of a disease (FIND CT=.../QF=ep). List of qualifiers see appendix).

Descriptors, describing the major topics of an article are weighted and marked in the document by an asterisk (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION/*). You can search for weighted descriptors with the command FIND CT=.../W=1.

The command DISPLAY CT TREE... displays the structure of the thesaurus.

DISPLAY CT=... ;ALL displays all available additional information to a descriptor (see table below).

The following additional information for controlled terms (CT) is available:

Code	Field name	Description
ANN	Annotations	Indexing annotations
AQ	Allowed Qualifier	Qualifiers allowed for limiting the controlled terms
CC	Classification Code	One descriptor may have several classification codes corresponding to the different branches in the polyhierarchic thesaurus
CR	CAS-Registry-Number
DA	Date	Date, the record was added to the system
ECOM	Entry Combination	Information on use of combinations for related concepts
HIS	History-Notes	Information on entry date of the descriptor and formerly used controlled terms
MAE	Major Established	Introduction date as major descriptor
MAS	MeSH Associated Term	Drugs with the corresponding pharmacological action (PACT)
N1	Preferred Name	Preferred name of chemicals
OLN	Online Note	Indicator to indexing
PACT	Pharmacological Action	Pharmacological action descriptor
PI	Previous Indexing	Previous Indexing
PMN	Public Mesh Note	Information on entry date of the descriptor and formaerly used controlled terms
SCN	Scope Notes	Definitions
SYN	Synonym	Information on entry terms
USE	Use	Print Version

Medical Subject Headings - Supplementary Chemical Records (TE) (with CAS Reg. Nos. (CR) or Enzyme Codes (EZ) - used since June 1980)
Language of vocabulary: English

The following additional information on Supplementary Chemical Records (TE) is available:

Code	Field Name	Description
CR	CAS Registry Number
CT	Controlled Term	Corresponding MeSH-Term
DA	Date	Year of first identification in a MEDLINE-Journal
HMT	Heading Mapped To	MeSH Terms used in index the chemical
LO	Locator	Locator
MRD	Major Revise Date	Last time of Update
N1	Name	Preferred Term
PACT	Pharmacological Action Term	Attributive MeSH Term to pharmacological effect
PI	Previous Indexing	Previous Indexing
RR	Related CAS Registry Number	Related CAS Registry Number
SCN	Scope Notes	Definitions
SOC	Source	Source
SY	Synonym	Synonyms

Index terms (IT) keywords in documents from the Kennedy Institute of ethics (bioethics) and from the former SPACELINE database (space medicine).

Gene Symbols (GE) (abbreviations for genes - used as from January 1991 to December 1995) and from 2002

Personal Name as Subject (PS)

Searchable Data Fields

The following document sections are considered with the free text search (FT):

Abstract (AB)
Controlled Term (CT)
Controlled Term English (CTE)
Controlled Term German (CTG)
Controlled Term Additional (CTADD)
Document Type (DT)
Gene Symbol (GE)
Geographic Heading (GH)
Index Term (IT)
Personal Name as Subject (PS)
Terminology (TE)
Title (TI)

The field label FT is automatically preset by the system (=default).

Search language(s) in the basic index:
English. Original titles searchable.

Additionally German MeSH-descriptors. Attention! Multiple language basic index may lead to false results, e.g. "rate" different meaning in German and English! If necessary, restrict to F... /CTG or F... /CTE.

Data Fields, alphabetical

Explanation:

D = DISPLAY F = FIND S = SHOW
1 : front-end-masking recommended
2 : searchable word by word with field label
3 : searchable only selectively
(F): field is searchable only via basic index

Command	Field Name	Examples	Notes
(F) S	AB Abstract	F risk factor#/AB	In approx. 76% of the citations as of 1976. Not for status=oldmedline.
D F S	AI Abstract Indicator	F...AND AI= ?	Selects documents with an abstract online.
D F S	AU Author	F AU=chaisson re	Until 83 all names; 84 to 9602 up to 10 names, since 9603 up to 25 names. Contains also full names since 2002.
S	AUL Author long	AUL: Müller Gerd H	Entire author`s names since 2002.
D F S	CA Corporate Authors	F CA=children cancer study group	Corporate authors.
D F	CC Controlled Term Code	F CC=c4.626 F CC D c4 D CC T c4.626 D CC=c4.626;ALL	MeSH-Code Version. Requesting upper and lower level classification codes and additional information same as with CT. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
F	/QF = xx/W = 1	F CC D c4/QF=di F CC D c4/QF D di F CC D c4/w=1 F CC D c4/QF=di/w=1 F CC D c4/QF D di/w=1	Qualifying and weighting of classification codes, same as with CT. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
D F S	CED Date Created	F CED=20041112	Date processing of the record begins. The record enters MEDLINE with the status=alert and status=publisher.
S	CNOTE Copyright Notice	CNOTE:Copyright 1999 Academic Press.	Copyright notice for abstract by publisher of journal. Only SHOW.
D F S	CO Coden	F CO=jamaa#	International journal code.
D F S	CR CAS Number	F CR=50-36-2	Since 1980; see also TE. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
D ² F ².	CS Corporate Source	F CS=medical ?, francisco.
D F S	CT Controlled Term	F CT=syphilis	MeSH; Freetextsearch (/CT) includes also german descriptors. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
		F CT D syphilis	Indented descriptors are included.
		D CT T syphilis	Requesting tree structure.
		D CT=syphilis;ALL	Requesting additional information.
F	/QF = xx	F CT=syphilis/QF=di	Combination with qualifiers.
		F CT=syphilis/QF=(di;pa;ra)	Combination with several qualifiers.
		F CT=syphilis/QF D di	Combination with a whole group of related qualifiers.
F	/W = 1	F CT=syphilis/W=1	Weighting of controlled terms.
F	/QF=xx/W=1 Qualifier weighted	F CT=syphilis/QF=di/w=1 F CT D syphilis/QF=(di;pa; ra;ri;us)/w=1 F CT D syphilis/QF D di/w=1	Weighting of the combination controlled term with one, several, or groups of related qualifiers.
D F S	CTADD Controlled Term Additional	f CTADD=snyder robinson syndrome D CTADD=?	Standardized protocols and technical term to rare diseases.
D F S	CTE Controlled Term English	F CTE =spleen F spleen/CTE	Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
D F S	CTG Controlled Term German	F CTG=milz F milz/CTG	Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
D F S	CY Country of Publication	F CY=united states D CY=?	Country of publication.
D F S	DCO Date Completed	F DCO=20041112	Date processing of the record ends. The record enters MEDLINE.
D F S	DOI Digital Object Identifier	D DOI=? F DOI="10.1002/AB.20394"	Must be set in quotation marks. A DOI is a unique and persistent identification code for digital objects.
D F S	DT Document Type	F DT=journal article D DT=?	Often multiple entries, prior to 1991 not in all citations.
D F S	EPD Electronic Publication Date	F EPD=20040124	Electronic Publishing Date. Not for status=oldmedline.
D F S	EZ Enzyme Code	F EZ=e.c. 1.1.1.1	Since 1980; see also TE. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
D ¹ F ¹.	GE Gene Symbol	F GE=c-erbb-2 D GE=?erbb?	Internationally used abbreviations for genes (from 1991 to 1995, from 2002). Not for status=oldmedline, status=alert and status=publisher.
S	GN General Note	GN: KIE BoB Subject Heading: surrogate mothers
D F S	GH Geographic Heading	F GH=mediterranean region D GH=?	Geographicals (category 16) from MeSH.
D F S	ISSN International Standard Serial Number	F ISSN=0098-7484
D F S	IT Index Terms	F IT=surrogate motherhood	Keywords from bioethics thesaurus and from SPACELINE (space flight mission). Documents with status=oldmedline contain MeSH descriptors instead. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
D F S	JID NLM Unique ID	F JID=8710646	NLM journal number.
D1 F1 S	JT Journal Title	F JT=The Journal of biological chemistry F JT=J Biol Chem	Long version of journal title. Abbreviation of "LSIOU" or "LJI" also searchable. Part of SO.
S	JTA Journal Title Abbreviated	JTA: J Biol Chem	Searchable under JT.
D F S	LA Language	F... AND LA=engl D LA=?	About 40 different languages.
D F	LAU Last Author	F LAU=braun pm	Last author of an article.
S	LR Last Revision Date	LR: 900102	Only in citations corrected by the NLM.
D F S	ND Number of Document	F ND=ME21813369
S	NG Number of Grant	NG: AG 13910 AG NIA
S	NOTE Notes	NOTE: Comment in: Jama 1989 Sep 15;262 (11):1471-2	Presence of comment to an original article in the same journal title.
D F	PAU First Author	F PAU=braun pm	Searching for the first author of an article.
D F S	PD Publication Date	F PD=200411?	Publication Date. Truncation recommended. Contains PY and is part of SO.
D F S	PM Publication Model	F PM=print-electronic	Form and sequence of publication.
D F S	PMID PubMed ID	F PMID=14561285	PubMed document number.
D F	PPS PreProcessed Searches	D PPS=?	Shows all subjects for whose precasted search profiles are available (see appendix).
		F... AND PPS=human	Search for all documents relating (also) to humans.
D F S	PS Personal Name as Subject	F PS=pasteur l	Articles on famous or prominent persons. Not for status=alert.
D F S	PY Publication Year	F... AND PY>=1985
D F	QF Qualifier	F QF=di F D di	Direct search of a qualifier or a group of qualifiers. List of qualifiers see appendix. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
		D QF=a?	Alphabetical list of qualifiers with abbreviations, see also CC, CT.
		D QF=di;ALL	Additional information to qualifier.
		D QF D di	Groups of related qualifiers.
		F QF=di/w=l	Weighting.
D F	QFG Qualifier German	F QFG=ätiologie	German translation of the qualifiers. Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
S	RN Number of References	RN: 33	Number of cited references in review articles.
D F S	SEC Secondary Source	F SEC=genbank	Citations with a reference to GENBANK. PubMed Central are directly linked.
		D SECDB=?	Lists all secondary sources. List of SEC see appendix.
		SEC: GENBANK; AA184909; AB018351; AB018651; AF472514	Reference to other databases containing information on molecular sequences with the corresponding document numbers.
S	SO Source	SO: The Journal of biological chemistry; 276; 23; 20523-8; 20010608	Composed of JT (long version), PY, and other bibliographic data.
D F S	STA Status	F STA=alert F STA=publisher	Finds documents not yet indexed with CT. See also "special notes".
D F S	SU Subunit	F SU=e	Searching for all dental journals. List of SU see appendix.
		D SU=?	Special journal lists.
D F S	TE Terminology	F TE=cocaine F TE=50-36-2 F TE=e.c. 4.2.1.3	TE comprises CR, EZ, and chemical substance names from MeSH Supplementary Chemical Records (as from June 1980). Not for status=alert and status=publisher.
		D TE=cocaine; ALL	Requesting additional information. (see table).
(F) S	TI Title	F cocaine use/TI F gesundheitsdienst/TI	Non-English original titles are also searchable via basic index (with the free text search).
D F S	VN Version		Subsequent publication of a previously published article.
D F S	VND Version Date		Version date of the additional article version.

Output of Search Results

By means of the commands SHOW (S) / MAIL / SDI.

Corresponding to the copyright rules use the parameter USE=DLOAD if necessary. You may ask for all data fields, single data fields, or sets of data fields. If the output fields are not specified explicitly, the standard field set (F=STD) is used in all output commands.

Output field sets:

Command	Field Set	Associated Datafields
F=STD	Standard	ND, PMID, STA, SEC, AU, CA, TI, SO, EPD, SU, LA, CY, JID, ISSN, CO, CS, DT, NG, RN, PS, CT, CTG, CTADD, IT, GE, TE, CR, GH, GN, NOTE, AB, CNOTE
F=DES	descriptors	PS, CT, CTG, CTADD, GE, IT, TE, CR
F=ALL	all fields	ND, PMID, STA, VN, VND, LR, CED, DCO, SEC, AU, CA, TI, SO, PM, EPD, SU, LA, CY, JID, ISSN, CO, CS, DT, NG, RN, PS, CT, CTG, CTADD, IT, GE, TE, CR, GH, GN, NOTE, AB, CNOTE
F=BIB	bibliographic fields	ND, PMID, STA, SEC, AU, CA , TI, SO, SU, LA, CY, JID, ISSN, CO, CS, DT, NG, RN, GN, NOTE, CNOTE
XMLALL		ND, PMID, STA, VN, VID, VIDD, LR, CED, DCO, SEC, AU, CA, TI, SO, PM, EPD, SU, LA, CY, JID, ISSN, CO, CS, DT, NG, RN, PS, CT, CTG, CTADD, IT, GE, TE, CR, GH, GN, NOTE, AB, CNOTE

Sample Search(es)

Database selection in DIMDI ClassicSearch: SBAS ME60; SBAS ME66; SBAS ME83; SBAS ME90; SBAS ME95; SBAS ME00; SBAS ME05; SBAS ME10; SBAS MEDLINE

Subject: Needle biopsy in diagnosing human liver diseases.

In searching NLM-databases, using the hierarchical MeSH for indexing, always the controlled vocabulary should be used instead of freetext. It is always important to check, whether an appropriate descriptor has also indented more specific descriptors in the thesaurus. Three of the four concepts under this topic: liver diseases, needle biopsy, and human can be searched with MeSH-descriptors, whereby for CT=LIVER DISEASES also indented terms are available.

"Diagnosis" can be covered with three qualifiers attached to CT=LIVER DISEASES. Related qualifiers are listed together in groups. In S=3 the group of diagnosis, comprising five qualifiers is searched in one step with.../QF D di. In S=4 any of the Liver-disease-terms combined with any of the five qualifiers has been weighted.

Should newest or older documents, not yet indexed (status=alert, status=oldmedline or status=publisher), be acquired, then a free text search must be conducted (S=5).

Profile table:

Parameter	Counter	Number of Hits	Query
C=	1	16846563	ME60
S=	2	2904	CT=BIOPSY, NEEDLE AND CT D LIVER DISEASES/(DI;PA;US) AND PPS=HUMAN
	3	2947	CT=BIOPSY, NEEDLE AND CT D LIVER DISEASES/QF D DI AND PPS=HUMAN
	4	723	CT=BIOPSY, NEEDLE AND CT D LIVER DISEASES/QF=DI/W=1 AND PPS=HUMAN
	5	6	NEEDLE BIOPS### AND (LIVER DISEAS## OR HEPATIT## OR LIVER (CARCINOM## OR NEOPLASM# OR CANCER#)) AND STA=(ALERT OR OLDMEDLINE) AND PPS=HUMAN
	6	729	4 OR 5

Sample Record(s)

ND:	ME14735261
PMID:	14735261
STA:	MEDLINE
LR:	20061115
CED:	20040525
DCO:	20041223
AU:	Guillemant J; Accarie C; Peres G; Guillemant S
TI:	Acute effects of an oral calcium load on markers of bone metabolism during endurance cycling exercise in male athletes.
SO:	Calcified tissue international; VOL: 74 (5); p. 407-14 /200405/
PM:	Print-Electronic
EPD:	20040123
SU:	IM
LA:	English
CY:	United States
JID:	7905481
ISSN:	0171-967X
CO:	CTINDZ
CS:	Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie, Paris, France. guillema@ccr.jussieu.fr
DT:	Journal Article
CT:	ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADULT; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE/blood; BICYCLING/physiology; BONE DENSITY/drug effects; BONE DENSITY/physiology; BONE AND BONES/drug effects; BONE AND BONES/metabolism; CALCIUM/administration & dosage; CALCIUM/metabolism; COLLAGEN/blood; COLLAGEN TYPE I; EXERCISE/physiology; HUMANS; MALE; PARATHYROID HORMONE/blood; PEPTIDES/blood; PHOSPHATES/blood; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE/drug effects; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE/physiology
CTG:	APPLIKATION, ORALE; ERWACHSENER; ALKALISCHE PHOSPHATASE/Blut; RADFAHREN/Physiologie; KNOCHENDICHTE/Arzneimittelwirkungen; KNOCHENDICHTE/Physiologie; KNOCHEN/Arzneimittelwirkungen; KNOCHEN/Stoffwechsel; CALCIUM/Verabreichung & Dosierung; CALCIUM/Stoffwechsel; KOLLAGEN/Blut; KOLLAGEN TYP I; TRAINING, KÖRPERLICHES/Physiologie; MENSCH; MÄNNLICH; NEBENSCHILDDRÜSENHORMONE/Blut; PEPTIDE/Blut; PHOSPHATE/Blut; KÖRPERLICHE AUSDAUER/Arzneimittelwirkungen; KÖRPERLICHE AUSDAUER/Physiologie
TE:	Collagen Type I; Parathyroid Hormone; Peptides; Phosphates; collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; Calcium/7440-70-2; Collagen/9007-34-5; Alkaline Phosphatase/E.C. 3.1.3.1
CR:	7440-70-2; 9007-34-5; E.C. 3.1.3.1
AB:	Although sport and physical activity are generally considered as positive factors for bone metabolism some endurance trainings such as running and bicycling have few or no beneficial or even deleterious effects on bone mineral density. The present study was designed to investigate the acute effect of an intensive endurance cycling exercise on biochemical bone markers. Furthermore, the effect of the oral intake of 1 g calcium load, by drinking high-calcium mineral water, just prior to and during the exercise was checked. Twelve well-trained elite male triathletes aged 23-37 years were explored. The serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, PTH, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) were measured before, during and after a 60 min 80% VO2max cycle ergometer exercise. Since cycling exercise was accompanied by a reduction in plasma volume the total amount of biochemical bone markers was calculated. When the exercise was performed without calcium load both serum concentrations and total amount of CTX began to increase progressively 30 min after the start of the exercise and were still significantly elevated, by 45-50%, 2h after the end of the exercise. Ingestion of high-calcium mineral water completely suppressed the CTX response. By contrast serum concentrations and total amount of BALP fluctuated and showed no significant difference with or without calcium load. The present study demonstrates that the burst of osteoclastic activity acutely induced by an endurance cycling exercise can be suppressed by the previous intake of a calcium load afforded by drinking high-calcium mineral water.
full text
* End of SHOW *

Output format: SHOW F=ALL

Contact

Producer

National Library of Medicine (NLM)
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
USA
Phone: +1 301 496-1131
Fax: +1 301 480-3537
http://www.nlm.nih.gov
custserv@nlm.nih.gov

Contact Person

Database Search:
DIMDI
Phone: +49 221 4724-315
E-mail: Helpdesk Databases
Service, Contract, Prices:
DIMDI
Phone: +49 221 4724-270
E-mail: Technical Helpdesk

Appendix

1.List of the PreProcessed Searches

For the following subjects preprocessed searches are available:

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
AIDS
ANIMAL
BIOETHICS
CANCER
HEAVY METALS
HISTMED
HUMAN
MUTAGENICITY
SYSREV
TERATOGENICITY
TOXICOLOGY

2. Alphabetical List of Qualifiers

Qualifier	Year of Introduction
AB: abnormalities	66
AD: administration & dosage	66
AE: adverse effects	66
AG: agonists	95
AA: analogs & derivatives	75
AN: analysis	67
AH: anatomy & histology	66
AI: antagonists & inhibit.	68
BI: biosynthesis	66
BL: blood	67
BS: blood supply	66
CF: cerebrospinal fluid	67
CS: chemical synthesis	68
CI: chemically induced	67
CH: chemistry	91
CL: classification	66
CO: complications	66
CN: congenital	66
CT: contraindications	91
CY: cytology	67
DF: deficiency	75
DI: diagnosis	66
DU: diagnostic use	67
DH: diet therapy	75
DE: drug effects	66
DT: drug therapy	66
EC: economics	78
ED: education	67
EM: embryology	66
EN: enzymology	66
EP: epidemiology	66
ES: ethics	03
EH: ethnology	75
ET: etiology	66
GE: genetics	78
GD: growth & development	66
HI: history	66
IM: immunology	66
IN: injuries	66
IR: innervation	66
IS: instrumentation	66
IP: isolation & purific.	66
LJ: legisl.& jurispr.	78
MA: manpower	68
ME: metabolism	66
MT: methods	75
MI: microbiology	67
MO: mortality	67
NU: nursing	66
OG: organizat.& administ.	78
PS: parasitology	75
PY: pathogenicity	66
PA: pathology	66
PK: pharmacokinetics	88
PD: pharmacology	67
PH: physiology	66
PP: physiopathology	66
PO: poisoning	66
PC: prevention & control	66
PX: psychology	78
RE: radiation effects	66
RA: radiography	67
RI: radionuclide imaging	78
RT: radiotherapy	66
RH: rehabilitation	67
SC: secondary	80
SE: secretion	68
ST: standards	68
SN: statistics & numer.data	89
SD: supply & distribution	68
SU: surgery	66
TU: therapeutic use	66
TH: therapy	66
TO: toxicity	66
TM: transmission	75
TR: transplantation	66
TD: trends	78
US: ultrasonography	91
UL: ultrastructure	75
UR: urine	67
UT: utilization	68
VE: veterinary	66
VI: virology	95

3. Groups of Qualifiers

"Subheading Trees"

AN: analysis
	BL: blood
	CF: cerebrospinal fluid
	IP: isolation & purification
	UR: urine

AH: anatomy & histology
	BS: blood supply
	CY: cytology
		PA: pathology
		UL: ultrastructure
	EM: embryology
		AB: abnormalities
	IR: innervation

CH: chemistry
	AG: agonists
	AA: analogs & derivates
	AI: antagonists & inhibitors
	CS: chemical synthesis

DI: diagnosis
	PA: pathology
	RA: radiography
	RI: radionuclide imaging
	US: ultrasonography

ET: etiology
	CI: chemically induced
	CO: complications
		SC: secondary
	CN: congenital
	EM: embryology
	GE: genetics
	IM: immunology
	MI: microbiology
		VI: virology
	PS: parasitology
	TM: transmission

OG: organization & administration
	EC: economics
	LJ: legislation & jurisprudence
	MA: manpower
	ST: standards
	SD: supply & distribution
	TD: trends
	UT: utilization
PD: pharmacology
	AD: admin. & dosage
	AE: adverse effects
		PO: poisoning
		TO: toxicity
	AG: agonists
	CT: contraindications
	DU: diagnostic use
	PK: pharmacokinetics

PH: physiology
	GE: genetics
	GD: growth & development
	IM: immunology
	ME: metabolism
		BI: biosynthesis
		BL: blood
		CF: cerebrospinal fluid
		DF: deficiency
		EN: enzymology
		PK: pharmacokinetics
		UR: urine
	PP: physiopathology
	SE: secretion

SN: Statistik & numer. data
	EP: epidemiology
		EH: ethnology
		MO: mortality

TU: therapeutic use
	AD: administration & dosage
	AE: adverse effects
	CT: contraindications
	PO: poisoning

TH: therapy
	DH: diet therapy
	DT: drug therapy
	NU: nursing
	PC: prevention & control
	RT: radiotherapy
	RH: rehabilitation
	SU: surgery
		TR: transplantation

4. Alphabetical List of Subunits (SU)

Abbreviation or Name	Additional information
Abridged Index Medicus Journals	About 120 clinical English Journals
AIDS/HIV Journals (Non-IM); Cancer Journals
AIM	Abridged Index Medicus
B	Biotechnology; Non-IM (indexed only from 1990 1998)
Bioethicsline
Biotechnology Journals (Non-IM): Retrospective only
C	Communication Disorders; Non-IM
Communication Journals (Non-IM)
Consumer Health Journals (Non-IM)
Core Clinical Journals
D	Dentistry Journals; Non-IM
Dentistry Journals (Non-IM)
E	Citations from bioethics journals or selected bioethics citations from other journals (includes records from former Bioethicsline database)
F	Articles used to augment the database for foreign centers; Non-IM)
Foreign Journals; Retrospective only for 1 Journal only
H	Health Care Administration (HealthSTAR)
Health Administration Journals (Non-IM)
Health Technology Assessment Journals (Non-IM)
Histline
Histline O
IM	Index Medicus journals
Index Medicus
J	Citations from former POPLINE databse
K	Consumer Health Journals; Non-IM
N	Nursing Journals
Nursing Journals (Non-IM)
Q	History of medicine journals and selected citations from other journals
R	Reproduction (indexed only from1972 1979)
S	Citations from space life sciences journals and selected space life sciences citations from other journals
Spaceline
T	Health Technology Assessment Journals; Non-IM (former HealthSTAR Database)
X	AIDS/HIV Journals (selected citations from other journals 1980 - 2000) (former AIDSLINE database)

5. List of Secondary Sources (SEC)

Short name	Long name
ARPL	The Annual Review of Population Law
CPC	Caroline Population Center
CPFH	Center for Population and Family Health Library/Information Program
GDB	Johns Hopkins University Genome Data Bank
GENBANK	GenBank Nucleic Acid Sequence Database
IND	Population Index
KIE	Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, Johns Hopkins School of Health
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NRCBL	National Reference Center of Bioethics Literature
OMIM	Mendelian Inheritance in Man (McKusick)
PDB	Protein Data Bank
PIP	Population Information Program
PIR	Protein Identification Resource
POP	Ehemals NLM POPLINE
SWISSPROT	Protein Sequence Database

- Copyright: DIMDI -

All intellectual property rights of this document, also concerning reproduction and distribution, are reserved by DIMDI.

end of section: to within-page navigation

MEDLINE

Within-Page Navigation

Accesskeys

Global Servicelinks

Navigation

content

Detailed Information: MEDLINE (ME10, ME05, ME00, ME95, ME90, ME83, ME66, ME60)

Content navigation

Database Content

Database Resources

Query

Contact

Appendix

Within-Page Navigation